RMAN Backup of Container and Pluggable Database in 19c/21c/23c

In multitenant architecture, there are two databases involved, container database and pluggable database.

To manage RMAN backups of these databases, we need to consider different scenarios,

1. Backup of a container database (CDB+PDB)
2. Backup of pluggable database
3. Backup of the root container 

Case 1: RMAN Backup of container (CDB) plus pluggable database (PDB)

 SQL> show parameter db_name

NAME                       TYPE   VALUE

--------------------- ----------- --------------------------

db_name                    string      FREE

SQL> 

SQL> show pdbs

 

    CON_ID CON_NAME                OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED

--------- ----------------------- ---------- ----------

       2 PDB$SEED                   READ ONLY  NO

       3 FREEPDB1                   READ WRITE NO

SQL> 

  

The container database name is FREE while Pluggable database name is FREEPDB1,

now we will take a backup of the pluggable and container databases together

  

Create one directory to take backup of the databases 

 [oracle@localhost oracle]$ mkdir -p /opt/oracle/db_backup

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd /opt/oracle/db_backup

[oracle@localhost db_backup]$ 

 Prepare a script to take backup of the database (CDB+PDB) 

 run

{

allocate channel disk1 type disk format '/opt/oracle/db_backup/full_backup_free_%t_%s_%p_%U.bck';

BACKUP DATABASE plus ARCHIVELOG;

release channel disk1;

}

 

Output of backup script 

[oracle@localhost db_backup]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Developer-Release on Sun Mar 17 10:07:55 2024

Version 23.2.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: FREE (DBID=1408182090)

RMAN> run

{

allocate channel disk1 type disk format '/opt/oracle/db_backup/full_backup_free_%t_%s_%p_%U.bck';

BACKUP DATABASE plus ARCHIVELOG;

release channel disk1;

}run

2> {

3> allocate channel disk1 type disk format '/opt/oracle/db_backup/full_backup_free_%t_%s_%p_%U.bck';

4> BACKUP DATABASE plus ARCHIVELOG;

5> release channel disk1;

6> 

}

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: disk1

channel disk1: SID=56 device type=DISK

Starting backup at 17-MAR-24

current log archived

channel disk1: starting archived log backup set

channel disk1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=9 RECID=1 STAMP=1163844377

input archived log thread=1 sequence=10 RECID=2 STAMP=1163844465

input archived log thread=1 sequence=11 RECID=3 STAMP=1163844483

channel disk1: starting piece 1 at 17-MAR-24

channel disk1: finished piece 1 at 17-MAR-24

piece handle=/opt/oracle/db_backup/full_backup_free_1163844483_152_1_4o2ltms3_152_1_1.bck tag=TAG20240317T100803 comment=NONE

channel disk1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 17-MAR-24

 

Starting backup at 17-MAR-24

channel disk1: starting full datafile backup set

channel disk1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00016 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/FREE/undotbs2.dbf

input datafile file number=00001 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/FREE/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/FREE/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00007 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/FREE/users01.dbf

channel disk1: starting piece 1 at 17-MAR-24

channel disk1: finished piece 1 at 17-MAR-24

piece handle=/opt/oracle/db_backup/full_backup_free_1163844486_153_1_4p2ltms6_153_1_1.bck tag=TAG20240317T100805 comment=NONE

channel disk1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:36

channel disk1: starting full datafile backup set

channel disk1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00013 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/FREE/FREEPDB1/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00012 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/FREE/FREEPDB1/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00015 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/FREE/FREEPDB1/users01.dbf

input datafile file number=00014 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/FREE/FREEPDB1/undotbs01.dbf

channel disk1: starting piece 1 at 17-MAR-24

channel disk1: finished piece 1 at 17-MAR-24

piece handle=/opt/oracle/db_backup/full_backup_free_1163844522_154_1_4q2ltmta_154_1_1.bck tag=TAG20240317T100805 comment=NONE

channel disk1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15

channel disk1: starting full datafile backup set

channel disk1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00004 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/FREE/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00002 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/FREE/pdbseed/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00009 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/FREE/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf

channel disk1: starting piece 1 at 17-MAR-24

channel disk1: finished piece 1 at 17-MAR-24

piece handle=/opt/oracle/db_backup/full_backup_free_1163844537_155_1_4r2ltmtp_155_1_1.bck tag=TAG20240317T100805 comment=NONE

channel disk1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07

Finished backup at 17-MAR-24

 

Starting backup at 17-MAR-24

current log archived

channel disk1: starting archived log backup set

channel disk1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=12 RECID=4 STAMP=1163844545

channel disk1: starting piece 1 at 17-MAR-24

channel disk1: finished piece 1 at 17-MAR-24

piece handle=/opt/oracle/db_backup/full_backup_free_1163844545_156_1_4s2ltmu1_156_1_1.bck tag=TAG20240317T100905 comment=NONE

channel disk1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 17-MAR-24

 

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 17-MAR-24

piece handle=/opt/oracle/product/23c/dbhomeFree/dbs/c-1408182090-20240317-01 comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 17-MAR-24

released channel: disk1

RMAN>

 

Case 2 : RMAN Backup of Root Container

[oracle@localhost db_backup]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Developer-Release on Sun Mar 17 10:10:08 2024

Version 23.2.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: FREE (DBID=1408182090)

RMAN> run

{

allocate channel disk1 type disk format '/opt/oracle/db_backup/full_backup_ROOT_%t_%s_%p_%U.bck';

BACKUP DATABASE ROOT;

release channel disk1;

}run

2> {

3> allocate channel disk1 type disk format '/opt/oracle/db_backup/full_backup_ROOT_%t_%s_%p_%U.bck';

4> BACKUP DATABASE ROOT;

5> release channel disk1;

6> 

}

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: disk1

channel disk1: SID=60 device type=DISK

Starting backup at 17-MAR-24

channel disk1: starting full datafile backup set

channel disk1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00016 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/FREE/undotbs2.dbf

input datafile file number=00001 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/FREE/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/FREE/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00007 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/FREE/users01.dbf

channel disk1: starting piece 1 at 17-MAR-24

channel disk1: finished piece 1 at 17-MAR-24

piece handle=/opt/oracle/db_backup/full_backup_ROOT_1163844660_158_1_4u2ltn1k_158_1_1.bck tag=TAG20240317T101059 comment=NONE

channel disk1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35

Finished backup at 17-MAR-24

 

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 17-MAR-24

piece handle=/opt/oracle/product/23c/dbhomeFree/dbs/c-1408182090-20240317-02 comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 17-MAR-24

released channel: disk1

RMAN> 

 

Case 3: RMAN Backup of Pluggable Database

[oracle@localhost db_backup]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Developer-Release on Sun Mar 17 10:17:26 2024

Version 23.2.0.0.0

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

 

connected to target database: FREE (DBID=1408182090)

 

RMAN> run

{

allocate channel disk1 type disk format '/opt/oracle/db_backup/full_backup_freepdb1_%t_%s_%p_%U.bck';

BACKUP PLUGGABLE DATABASE freepdb1;

release channel disk1;

}run

2> {

3> allocate channel disk1 type disk format '/opt/oracle/db_backup/full_backup_freepdb1_%t_%s_%p_%U.bck';

4> BACKUP PLUGGABLE DATABASE freepdb1;

5> release channel disk1;

6> 

}

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: disk1

channel disk1: SID=294 device type=DISK

 

Starting backup at 17-MAR-24

channel disk1: starting full datafile backup set

channel disk1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00013 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/FREE/FREEPDB1/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00012 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/FREE/FREEPDB1/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00015 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/FREE/FREEPDB1/users01.dbf

input datafile file number=00014 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/FREE/FREEPDB1/undotbs01.dbf

channel disk1: starting piece 1 at 17-MAR-24

channel disk1: finished piece 1 at 17-MAR-24

piece handle=/opt/oracle/db_backup/full_backup_freepdb1_1163845061_160_1_502ltne5_160_1_1.bck tag=TAG20240317T101740 comment=NONE

channel disk1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15

Finished backup at 17-MAR-24

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 17-MAR-24

piece handle=/opt/oracle/product/23c/dbhomeFree/dbs/c-1408182090-20240317-03 comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 17-MAR-24

released channel: disk1

RMAN> 

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Error: Unable to find a match: postgresql14-server

While installing PostgreSQL 14.10 on Linux system, I was getting the below error, so here is the solution

[oracle@localhost Desktop]$ sudo yum install postgresql14-server                    

PostgreSQL common RPMs for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64                                      61  B/s | 195  B     00:03    

PostgreSQL common RPMs for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64                                     1.6 MB/s | 1.7 kB     00:00    

Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8:                                                       

......

PostgreSQL 11 for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64                                              159 kB/s | 1.3 MB     00:08    

Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Mon 01 Jan 2024 04:19:30 PM UTC.     

All matches were filtered out by modular filtering for argument: postgresql14-server

Error: Unable to find a match: postgresql14-server   

[oracle@localhost Desktop]$

Here I was getting an error, first, we need to execute the below steps  

[oracle@localhost Desktop]$ sudo dnf -y module disable postgresql                   

Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:36 ago on Mon 01 Jan 2024 04:19:30 PM UTC.     

Dependencies resolved.

============================================================================

 Package                  Architecture   Version       Repository      Size

============================================================================

Disabling modules:

 postgresql                                                                

 Transaction Summary

=============================================================================

 Complete!

[oracle@localhost Desktop]$  

Once this is done, you can try installing PostgreSQL again and it will be successful 

[oracle@localhost Desktop]$ sudo yum install postgresql14-server

Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:48 ago on Mon 01 Jan 2024 04:19:30 PM UTC.

Dependencies resolved.

======================================================================================

 Package                    Architecture     Version               Repository    Size

======================================================================================

Installing:

 .....

  Verifying        : postgresql14-14.10-2PGDG.rhel8.x86_64            1/3 

  Verifying        : postgresql14-libs-14.10-2PGDG.rhel8.x86_64       2/3 

  Verifying        : postgresql14-server-14.10-2PGDG.rhel8.x86_64     3/3 

 

Installed:

  postgresql14-14.10-2PGDG.rhel8.x86_64           postgresql14-libs-14.10-2PGDG.rhel8.x86_64           

  postgresql14-server-14.10-2PGDG.rhel8.x86_64          

 

Complete!

[oracle@localhost Desktop]$ 

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Install PostgreSQL on Linux operating system

In previous articles, we have discussed the introduction to PostgreSQL and installation of Postgres on Windows system in this article, we will discuss Installing PostgreSQL 14 on the Linux operating system

Follow the below steps to install PostgreSQL 14.10 on the Linux operating system

introduction - Introduction to PostgreSQL

Step 1: Make sure your Linux system is up to date, run the below command to update the system

If your Linux system is up to date, skip this step and start with step 2

sudo yum update

[oracle@localhost Desktop]$ sudo yum update

[sudo] password for oracle:

Oracle Linux 8 BaseOS Latest (x86_64)                                        3.0 kB/s | 3.6 kB     00:01   

Oracle Linux 8 Application Stream (x86_64)                                   8.6 kB/s | 3.9 kB     00:00   

Latest Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 7 for Oracle Linux 8 (x86_64)   4.0 kB/s | 3.0 kB     00:00   

Dependencies resolved.

============================================================================================

 Package                Arch        Version                    Repository              Size

============================================================================================

Installing:

 kernel                 x86_64      4.18.0-513.9.1.el8_9       ol8_baseos_latest       10 M

 kernel-uek             x86_64      5.15.0-201.135.6.el8uek    ol8_UEKR7              2.0 M

Upgrading:

 ModemManager           x86_64      1.20.2-1.el8               ol8_baseos_latest      1.2 M

 kernel-devel           x86_64      4.18.0-513.9.1.el8_9       ol8_baseos_latest       24 M

Removing:

 kernel-core            x86_64      4.18.0-425.3.1.el8         @anaconda               70 M

 kernel-modules         x86_64      4.18.0-425.3.1.el8         @anaconda               24 M

 

Transaction Summary

================================================================

Install   27 Packages                                          

Upgrade  582 Packages                                          

Remove     2 Packages                                     

Total download size: 1.3 G                                     

Is this ok [y/N]: y                                            

Downloading Packages:                                          

(1/609): kernel-devel-4.18.0-513.9.1.el8_9.x86_64.rpm            2.2 MB/s |  24 MB     00:10   

...                                                            

(608/609): ndctl-libs-73-1.0.2.el8.x86_64.rpm                    544 kB/s |  87 kB     00:00   

(609/609): webkit2gtk3-2.40.5-1.el8_9.1.x86_64.rpm               4.2 MB/s |  24 MB     00:05   

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total                                                            6.2 MB/s | 1.3 GB     03:31    

Running transaction check                                      

Transaction check succeeded.                                   

Running transaction test                                       

Transaction test succeeded.                                    

Running transaction                                            

Installed:

  bison-3.0.4-10.el8.x86_64         flex-2.6.1-9.el8.x86_64                                                       

  wpebackend-fdo-1.10.0-3.el8.x86_64                   

Removed:

  kernel-core-4.18.0-425.3.1.el8.x86_64     kernel-modules-4.18.0-425.3.1.el8.x86_64                                      

Complete!

[oracle@localhost Desktop]$

[oracle@localhost Desktop]$ 

 

Step 2: Install PostgreSQL library from the official PostgreSQL repository

sudo yum -y install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-8-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm

 

[oracle@localhost Desktop]$ sudo yum -y install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-8-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm

Last metadata expiration check: 0:50:05 ago on Mon 01 Jan 2024 03:25:25 PM UTC.

pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm       9.2 kB/s |  13 kB     00:01   

Dependencies resolved.

========================================================================

 Package                Architecture    Version       Repository   Size

========================================================================

Installing:

 pgdg-redhat-repo       noarch          42.0-35PGDG   @commandline 13 k

Transaction Summary

========================================================================

Install  1 Package

Total size: 13 k

Installed size: 15 k

Downloading Packages:

Running transaction check

Transaction check succeeded.

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded.

Running transaction

  Preparing        :                                        1/1

  Installing       : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-35PGDG.noarch    1/1

  Verifying        : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-35PGDG.noarch    1/1

Installed:

  pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-35PGDG.noarch                          

Complete!

[oracle@localhost Desktop]$

 

Step 3: Install PostgreSQL

Use the below command to install PostgreSQL 14.10

sudo yum install postgresql14-server

 

[oracle@localhost Desktop]$ sudo yum install postgresql14-server

Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:48 ago on Mon 01 Jan 2024 04:19:30 PM UTC.

Dependencies resolved.

======================================================================================

 Package                    Architecture     Version               Repository    Size

======================================================================================

Installing:

 postgresql14-server        x86_64           14.10-2PGDG.rhel8     pgdg14       5.7 M

Installing dependencies:

 postgresql14               x86_64           14.10-2PGDG.rhel8     pgdg14       1.5 M

 postgresql14-libs          x86_64           14.10-2PGDG.rhel8     pgdg14       280 k

 

Transaction Summary

=====================================================================================

Install  3 Packages

Total download size: 7.5 M

Installed size: 32 M

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Downloading Packages:

(1/3): postgresql14-libs-14.10-2PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpm       158 kB/s | 280 kB     00:01   

(2/3): postgresql14-14.10-2PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpm            575 kB/s | 1.5 MB     00:02   

(3/3): postgresql14-server-14.10-2PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpm     1.5 MB/s | 5.7 MB     00:03   

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total                                                       1.9 MB/s | 7.5 MB     00:03    

PostgreSQL 14 for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64                   1.6 MB/s | 1.7 kB     00:00   

Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8:

 Userid     : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>"

 Fingerprint: 68C9 E2B9 1A37 D136 FE74 D176 1F16 D2E1 442D F0F8

 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Key imported successfully

Running transaction check

Transaction check succeeded.

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded.

Running transaction

  Preparing        :                                                  1/1

  Installing       : postgresql14-libs-14.10-2PGDG.rhel8.x86_64       1/3

  Running scriptlet: postgresql14-libs-14.10-2PGDG.rhel8.x86_64       1/3

  Installing       : postgresql14-14.10-2PGDG.rhel8.x86_64            2/3

  Running scriptlet: postgresql14-14.10-2PGDG.rhel8.x86_64            2/3

  Running scriptlet: postgresql14-server-14.10-2PGDG.rhel8.x86_64     3/3

  Installing       : postgresql14-server-14.10-2PGDG.rhel8.x86_64     3/3

  Running scriptlet: postgresql14-server-14.10-2PGDG.rhel8.x86_64     3/3

"/home" already exists and is not a directory.

  Verifying        : postgresql14-14.10-2PGDG.rhel8.x86_64            1/3

  Verifying        : postgresql14-libs-14.10-2PGDG.rhel8.x86_64       2/3

  Verifying        : postgresql14-server-14.10-2PGDG.rhel8.x86_64     3/3

Installed:

  postgresql14-14.10-2PGDG.rhel8.x86_64           postgresql14-libs-14.10-2PGDG.rhel8.x86_64          

  postgresql14-server-14.10-2PGDG.rhel8.x86_64         

Complete!

[oracle@localhost Desktop]$

 

Step 4 :

The above three steps are to install PostgreSQL on Linux, now before using Postgres cluster, we need to setup your database library, use the below command

sudo /usr/pgsql-14/bin/postgresql-14-setup initdb

[oracle@localhost Desktop]$ sudo /usr/pgsql-14/bin/postgresql-14-setup initdb

Initializing database ... OK

[oracle@localhost Desktop]$

 

Step 5 : Start the PostgreSQL cluster

Below command sudo systemctl start postgresql-14 to start PostgreSQL services

[oracle@localhost Desktop]$ sudo systemctl start postgresql-14

[oracle@localhost Desktop]$

 

Step 6 : enable the PostgreSQL services

Command sudo systemctl enable postgresql-14

[oracle@localhost Desktop]$ sudo systemctl enable postgresql-14

Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postgresql-14.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-14.service.

[oracle@localhost Desktop]$

 

Step 7 : Switch to Postgres users and login to the PostgreSQL instance

[oracle@localhost Desktop]$ sudo -i -u postgres

[postgres@localhost ~]$

[postgres@localhost ~]$ id

uid=26(postgres) gid=26(postgres) groups=26(postgres) context=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023

[postgres@localhost ~]$

[postgres@localhost ~]$ psql -V

psql (PostgreSQL) 14.10

[postgres@localhost ~]$

Login to PostgreSQL database cluster

[postgres@localhost ~]$ psql

psql (14.10)

Type "help" for help.

postgres=# \l

                                  List of databases

   Name    |  Owner   | Encoding |   Collate   |    Ctype    |   Access privileges  

-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------

 postgres  | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |

 template0 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +

           |          |          |             |             | postgres=CTc/postgres

 template1 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +

           |          |          |             |             | postgres=CTc/postgres

(3 rows)

 

postgres=#

 

This concludes installation of PostgreSQL on the Linux operating system

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